使用SpringBoot怎么实现一个接口数据的加解密功能？针对这个问题，这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答，希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。
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一、加密方案介绍
对接口的加密解密操作主要有下面两种方式：
自定义消息转换器
优势：仅需实现接口，配置简单。
劣势：仅能对同一类型的MediaType进行加解密操作，不灵活。
使用spring提供的接口RequestBodyAdvice和ResponseBodyAdvice
优势：可以按照请求的Referrer、Header或url进行判断，按照特定需要进行加密解密。
比如在一个项目升级的时候，新开发功能的接口需要加解密，老功能模块走之前的逻辑不加密，这时候就只能选择上面的第二种方式了，下面主要介绍下第二种方式加密、解密的过程。
二、实现原理
RequestBodyAdvice可以理解为在@RequestBody之前需要进行的 操作，ResponseBodyAdvice可以理解为在@ResponseBody之后进行的操作，所以当接口需要加解密时，在使用@RequestBody接收前台参数之前可以先在RequestBodyAdvice的实现类中进行参数的解密，当操作结束需要返回数据时，可以在@ResponseBody之后进入ResponseBodyAdvice的实现类中进行参数的加密。
RequestBodyAdvice处理请求的过程：
RequestBodyAdvice源码如下：
public interface RequestBodyAdvice {
boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType,
Class> converterType);
HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter,
Type targetType, Class> converterType) throws IOException;
Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter,
Type targetType, Class> converterType);
@Nullable
Object handleEmptyBody(@Nullable Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter,
Type targetType, Class> converterType);
}调用RequestBodyAdvice实现类的部分代码如下：
protected Object readWithMessageConverters(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter,
Type targetType) throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException, HttpMessageNotReadableException {
MediaType contentType;
boolean noContentType = false;
try {
contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
}
catch (InvalidMediaTypeException ex) {
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(ex.getMessage());
}
if (contentType == null) {
noContentType = true;
contentType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
}
Class contextClass = parameter.getContainingClass();
Class targetClass = (targetType instanceof Class ? (Class) targetType : null);
if (targetClass == null) {
ResolvableType resolvableType = ResolvableType.forMethodParameter(parameter);
targetClass = (Class) resolvableType.resolve();
}
HttpMethod httpMethod = (inputMessage instanceof HttpRequest ? ((HttpRequest) inputMessage).getMethod() : null);
Object body = NO_VALUE;
EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage message;
try {
message = new EmptyBodyCheckingHttpInputMessage(inputMessage);
for (HttpMessageConverter converter : this.messageConverters) {
Class> converterType = (Class>) converter.getClass();
GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter =
(converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter : null);
if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) :
(targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Read [" + targetType + "] as \"" + contentType + "\" with [" + converter + "]");
}
if (message.hasBody()) {
HttpInputMessage msgToUse =
getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) :
((HttpMessageConverter) converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse));
body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType);
}
else {
body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType);
}
break;
}
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new HttpMessageNotReadableException("I/O error while reading input message", ex);
}
if (body == NO_VALUE) {
if (httpMethod == null || !SUPPORTED_METHODS.contains(httpMethod) ||
(noContentType && !message.hasBody())) {
return null;
}
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, this.allSupportedMediaTypes);
}
return body;
}
从上面源码可以到当converter.canRead()和message.hasBody()都为true的时候，会调用beforeBodyRead()和afterBodyRead()方法，所以我们在实现类的afterBodyRead()中添加解密代码即可。
ResponseBodyAdvice处理响应的过程：
ResponseBodyAdvice源码如下：
public interface ResponseBodyAdvice {
boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class> converterType);
@Nullable
T beforeBodyWrite(@Nullable T body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType,
Class> selectedConverterType,
ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response);
}
调用ResponseBodyAdvice实现类的部分代码如下：
if (selectedMediaType != null) {
selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
for (HttpMessageConverter converter : this.messageConverters) {
GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter =
(converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter : null);
if (genericConverter != null ?
((GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter).canWrite(declaredType, valueType, selectedMediaType) :
converter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
outputValue = (T) getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(outputValue, returnType, selectedMediaType,
(Class>) converter.getClass(),
inputMessage, outputMessage);
if (outputValue != null) {
addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
if (genericConverter != null) {
genericConverter.write(outputValue, declaredType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
}
else {
((HttpMessageConverter) converter).write(outputValue, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Written [" + outputValue + "] as \"" + selectedMediaType +
"\" using [" + converter + "]");
}
}
return;
}
}
}从上面源码可以到当converter.canWrite()为true的时候，会调用beforeBodyWrite()方法，所以我们在实现类的beforeBodyWrite()中添加解密代码即可。
三、实战
新建一个spring boot项目spring-boot-encry，按照下面步骤操作。
pom.xml中引入jar
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
org.projectlombok
lombok
true
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-test
test
org.junit.vintage
junit-vintage-engine
com.alibaba
fastjson
1.2.60
请求参数解密拦截类
DecryptRequestBodyAdvice代码如下：
/**
* 请求参数 解密操作
* * @Author: Java碎碎念
* @Date: 2019/10/24 21:31
*
*/
@Component
@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.example.springbootencry.controller")
@Slf4j
public class DecryptRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice {
@Override
public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {
return true;
}
@Override
public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class> selectedConverterType) throws IOException {
return inputMessage;
}
@Override
public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class> converterType) {
String dealData = null;
try {
//解密操作
Map dataMap = (Map)body;
String srcData = dataMap.get("data");
dealData = DesUtil.decrypt(srcData);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("异常！", e);
}
return dealData;
}
@Override
public Object handleEmptyBody(@Nullable Object var1, HttpInputMessage var2, MethodParameter var3, Type var4, Class> var5) {
log.info("3333");
return var1;
}
}响应参数加密拦截类
EncryResponseBodyAdvice代码如下：
/**
* 请求参数 解密操作
*
* @Author: Java碎碎念
* @Date: 2019/10/24 21:31
*
*/
@Component
@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.example.springbootencry.controller")
@Slf4j
public class EncryResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice
